南疆地区降水云系的探讨     

王旭  吕新生  马禹 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(1):15-16

普查南疆1998－2000年3aGMS5静止卫星红外云图，共有192次云系影响南疆，分为5种类型，南疆云系出现的次数较少，常造成中弱以下降水天气，有云无降水的情况较多，并讨论了云系的TBB与降水之间的关系，冬季南疆阴雾天气在红外云图上其TBB值为－10℃的闭合中心。  相似文献   

北疆夏季两次冰雹天气过程的对比分析     

王健 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(2):13-14

北疆夏季两次冰雹天气过程的对比分析发现，充足的水汽、足够大的上升运动和不稳定的层结果冰雹天气出现的必备条件，而降雹的强弱则与对流云图的发展和强度有关。  相似文献   

南疆西部山区一次特大暴雨特征分析     

胡翠珍 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(3):9-11

通过对2001年9月22－23日南疆西北部山区特大暴雨的环流背景、物理量场、卫星云图分析，揭示了这场特大暴雨的物理机制和各要素场特征。  相似文献   

用940 nm通道遥感水汽总量的可行性试验   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

黄意玢  董超华 《应用气象学报》2002,13(2):184-192

在940 nm水汽弱吸收带和其附近窗区选取若干探测通道, 采取不同通道组合, 模拟计算通道反射率比值, 并建立了该比值与水汽含量之间的统计关系。用探空观测独立样本检验水汽含量模拟计算结果, 相对误差小于6%。  相似文献   

Soluble organic compounds in fog and cloud droplets: what have we learned over the past few years?     

Sandro Fuzzi  Maria Cristina Facchini  Stefano Decesari  Emanuela Matta  Mihaiela Mircea 《Atmospheric Research》2002,64(1-4)

We have recently set up a new procedure for characterising the water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in fog water, for which information is still rather limited. Fog samples collected during the 1998–1999 fall–winter season in the Po Valley (Italy) were analysed following this procedure, which allows a quantitative determination of three main classes of organic compounds (neutral species, mono- and di-carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids), together accounting for ca. 85% of the total WSOC. This procedure also provides information on the main chemical characteristics of these three classes of compounds (functional groups, aliphatic vs. aromatic character, etc.). The enhanced chemical knowledge on fog/cloud chemical composition opens new scenarios as far as chemical and microphysical processes in clouds and fogs are concerned.  相似文献   

Simultaneous radio and optical observations of the mid-latitude atmospheric response to a major geomagnetic storm of 6–8 April 2000     

E. L. Afraimovich  Ya. F. Ashkaliev  V. M. Aushev  A. B. Beletsky  V. V. Vodyannikov  L. A. Leonovich  O. S. Lesyuta  Yu. V. Lipko  A. V. Mikhalev  A. F. Yakovets 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(18)

Basic properties of the mid-latitude traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during the maximum phase of a major magnetic storm of 6–8 April 2000 are shown. Total electron content (TEC) variations were studied by using data from GPS receivers located in Russia and Central Asia. The nightglow response to this storm at mesopause and termospheric altitudes was also measured by optical instruments FENIX located at the observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (51.9°N,103.0°E), and MORTI located at the observatory of the Institute of Ionosphere (43.2°N, 77.0°E). Observations of the O (557.7 and 630.0 nm) emissions originating from atmospheric layers centered at altitudes of 90 and 250 km were carried out at Irkutsk and of the O₂(b¹∑_g⁺−X³∑_g⁻) (0-1) emission originating from an atmospheric layer centered at altitude of 94 km was carried out at Almaty. Our radio and optical measurement network observed a storm-induced solitary large-scale wave with duration of 1 h and a wave front width of no less than 5000 km, while it traveled equatorward with a velocity of 200 m/s from 62°N to 38°N geographic latitude. The TEC disturbance, basically displaying an electron content depression in the maximum of the F2 region, reveals a good correlation with growing nightglow emission, the temporal shift between the TEC and emission variation maxima being different for different altitudes. A comparison of the auroral oval parameters with dynamic spectra of TEC variations and optical 630 nm emissions in the frequency range 0.4–4 mHz (250–2500 s periods) showed that as the auroral oval expands into mid-latitudes, also does the region with a developed medium-sale and small-scale TEC structure.  相似文献   

云南省金沙江流域水土流失基本特征分析     

杨子生  梁洛辉  王云鹏 《山地学报》2002,(Z1)

在应用新近建立的云南金沙江流域土壤流失方程测算该流域各县(市、区)年均土壤流失总量和各地类年均 土壤流失量基础上,分析了该流域水土流失的总体特征、各地类水土流失特征和不同坡度级坡耕地的水土流失特 征,为因地制宜地防治水土流失提供了依据。  相似文献   

Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhibao Dong  Hongtao Wang  Xiaoping Liu  Fang Li  Aiguo Zhao 《Geomorphology》2002,45(3-4)

Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low.  相似文献   

添加剂对聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚浊点的影响     

陈庆春  邓慧宇  马燕明  张兴国 《华东地质学院学报》2003,26(3):284-286

浊点是非离子表面活性剂的一个特性参数，它是非离子表面活性荆溶液由透明变浑浊，和由浑浊变透明的平均温度。聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚是一种非离子表面活性剂，通过实验测定了有机酸、醇、无机盐、聚合物等添加剂对聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚浊点的影响。结果表明，不加任何添加剂时，聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚的浊点为89℃；添加有机酸时，浊点随浓度升高先下降后上升；添加醇时，碳链短的随浓度升高浊点升高，碳链长的随浓度升高而下降；添加无机钠盐时，浊点随浓度升高而下降；添加聚合物时。浊点超过100℃。  相似文献   

钾-氩和氩-氩定年样品的送样要求及预处理   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

刘玉琳苗国均  黄宝玲 《岩矿测试》2003,22(4):297-299

介绍了K-Ar和Ar-Ar法定年样品的送样要求及实验室预处理程序，样品粒度以250～180μm为宜；用量则视样品的K含量和年龄情况而定，K含量越高、年龄越老，所需样品量越少，多数样品的用量在几十至几百毫克；对于年龄情况不清楚的样品，10～20g手标本或者1～2g合适粒度的样品可以保证用量。全岩样品常受蚀变和捕虏晶的影响，有效的预处理可以在很大程度上消除这些干扰因素。文章还介绍了用稀HNO3消除碳酸盐、1．7mol／L HF消除轻微蚀变的影响以及电磁选剔除捕虏晶的实验过程。  相似文献